Human papillomavirus

The human papilloma virus (HPV) is located exclusively in the basal layer of the skin, and its reproduction occurs in the upper layers.This disease is characteristic of its chronic form with periodic relapses.

Learn more about HPV, its description

HPV is infected with more than half of the world's population.Some of them are simply carriers of the disease, while in others, this virus manifests itself as skin papillomatosis, mucous membranes.Sometimes this viral disease can be the pathogen of cell cancer.HPV is an infection of the Papovaviridea family, which can infect and change epithelial cells.This benign neoplasm is formed in any area of the body:

• neck;
• under the chest;
• on the stomach;
• face;
• on the genitals;
• in the axillary hollows;
• On the mucous membranes of oral nasal cavities, lips;
• On the mucous membranes of internal organs.

This infection belongs to intracellular parasites which are unable to reproduce independently and use cells of the human body for this.The virus introduces its DNA in human chromosomes and therefore parasitic for a long time.With a decrease in immunity, you can observe a significant activation of this disease.This fact determines the need to treat HPV.The development of this infection occurs in body cells, but it can also exist outside, but not long.Being in the cells of a living organism, this causes a failure of their division.

Incubation period and development stages

The virus incubation period is different.This type of virus is characterized by a hidden current.The subclinical form of the course of the disease is characteristic of the appearance of discreet during a simple examination of the rashes which cause discomfort to the patient in the genital field.You can immediately be infected with several varieties of papillomavirus.Under the influence of certain factors, the virus is activated and its reproduction begins, and the disease enters the period of clinical manifestations.In 90% of cases in six months a year, the self-healing occurs, in some cases, a chronic recurring evolution can occur with a high probability of malignant tumor (depending on the type of virus).The disease takes place in four stages (stages):

Step 1 (initial) - Latent course of infection by papillomavirus.The virus is in the body, but does not appear, does not cause transformation in the cells.At this stage, it can be identified by the analysis of the PCR;

2 - Clinical signs occur - in the form of growth on the skin.The virus causes an accelerated division of epidermal cells.At this stage, the virus is detected during PCR, cytology and histology (detected by the presence of hyperkeratosis);

3 - Dysplasia.The structure of the cells (roommate) changes - this is visible under the microscope, because DNA virus begins to interact with DNA cells and causes the development of the integrated so -appeal form.For diagnosis, PCR, cytology and histology methods, as well as colposcopy are used;

Step 4 - Carcinoma.The development of the virus causes cell mutation and the occurrence of malignant cells.Invasive cancer is formed.The diagnosis occurs in all methods above and on clinical manifestations.

HPV types

More than a hundred types of HPV are determined which infect the urogenic tract of a person who affects the epithelium of the skin and the mucous membranes of the genitals - 35 species.For all types of HPV, a classification based on the types of demonstrators, rashes and other skin manifestations is used.HPV tilting with a description looks like this:

• Different types of warts for their appearance, HPV type 1-5 is responsible;
• Subading warts (they look like a corn) -1-4 types of HPV.Generally formed in places where corns or compression occur.In such places, the skin becomes thicker and when pressing, it causes unpleasant sensations.These warts do not exceed and need surgical withdrawal.There are two subspecies of plantar warts.A species grows deep into the fabric and does a lot of trouble, the other type looks like multiple growths, as if it were glued to each other - this type of warts almost does not bring a feeling of pain
• Flat warts - 3, 5, 10, 28, 49 types.Most often, the palms, the face are striking.Usually they are in young people and because of this, this type of warts is called youth.The body often faces this infection;
• Ordinary warts - 27 type of HPV;
• Vulgar Verrus - Type 2 virus (as a rule, the body itself faces this type of virus).It is transmitted to the domestic route;

• The spicy warts which affect the vagina, the vulva, the genitals, the cervix, the uterine, the anus, in men can be on the head of the penis, on the skin of the foreskin, their location in the airways is also found - types 6, 11, 13, 16.18, 33, 35;
• Risk highly oncogenic HPV, causing a precancerous condition - 39 type;
• A founded epidermodisplasia is found.It can be of two types: called HPV 5, 8, 47 - for skin cancer in 9 cases out of 10, this virus is in the patient's blood, another type caused by HPV 14, 20, 21, 25 generally causes mild neoplasms;
• Larinageal papillomatosis - Type 11 virus. Usually transmitted from mother to child, but it is possible to infect with oral sex.Causes difficulties with swallowing and raucous voice, if the amount of papilloma is large, the breathing aggravates;
• BOWENOID PAPULEZ.This species is caused 16, sometimes 18, 31-35, 42, 48, 51-54 with the types of HPV.Most often, representatives of the male half who have many sexual partners can occur.Externally, these formations look like semi -circular or flat growths with a smooth or rough surface, the color is different - completely clear to almost black.The disease can go alone, it is a type of neo-info virus.

Symptoms and specificities of HPV in men, women and children

In order to overcome infection in the early stages, human immunity is quite strong.Most often, the disease does not develop and a person does not even suspect the presence of HPV, as external symptoms may not appear.But after a while (months or years), certain signs of HPV infection may occur.Statistics only indicate 5 to 10% of those with external HPV symptoms (human papillomavirus).The disease takes place asymptomatic - most of the patients have no sign of the disease.When activating the virus, growth of various types can occur that speak of the presence of different types in the body.Localization places also speak of the type of virus.For example, papillomas have the shape of soft elongated growth (wireless wart) which are attached to the leg, the color may not differ from the color of the skin, but it is also pigmented.Balch -shaped growth can appear, soft to the touch of the pinkish color.

In women, the specifics of the disease price are such that the development of the disease can occur in a hidden form, but sometimes causes the formation of genital papillomas.Having been infected with the virus, a woman cannot observe any symptoms until the beginning of menopause, at this time the virus can cause malignant of the cells of the mucosa of the genitals.To prevent the development of cervical cancer caused by the presence of HPV, a regular examination by the doctor will help.Since externally, this disease may not appear.In children, under the influence of the virus, warts on the skin, larynx papillomatosis (generally in the form of chronic return) can develop.Larynx papillomatosis causes respiratory problems, suffocation syndrome.Skin warts are present in 12% of schoolchildren, it is the most common dermatological disease in children.

HPV and pregnancy

HPV in a pregnant woman is not the most dangerous disease for herself and the unborn child.The pregnant woman should only be wary if she has found a type of 6 or 11 VPV (causing genital or anal condylomas), which, when transmitted to the newborn, can have consequences in the form of respiratory papillomatosis.In the presence of a condyle in such a quantity or places that interfere with the expulsion of the fetus, it is possible to prescribe a cesarean, because during ordinary birth, condyloma can cause the development of bleeding.All other forms of papilloma (non -normative lesions) are not -hazard for the child himself and the price of pregnancy.

Diagnostics and who you need to contact

The following research methods are used to diagnose papillomavirus:

• patient's personal examination;
• blood test;
• colposcopy;
• Tsytology smear test;
• Tissue histology;
• PCR is a chain reaction by polymerase.This analysis not only makes it possible to find out about the presence of a virus, but also to determine its type.But if the analysis is positive, this does not mean that this type of HPV will not pass alone.This analysis also determines all types of papillomavirus;
• urethroscopy;
• biopsy.

If there are no external signs in the form of an eruption, the patient has no complaints and the presence of HPV DNA is determined only by analyzes - it can come from a transitional viral infection (a person is carrying).Due to the fact that HPV may be the cause of diseases of different organs, if necessary, doctors of various directions.In the presence of warts on the skin of the face and body, they turn to a dermatologist.With plantar warts - a dermatologist or surgeon.With condylomas in men - to the urologist (surgeon), for women - to the gynecologist (surgeon).If condylomas are present in the anus area, you must contact a proctologist.If an epidermodisplia of Verue is suspected, then a dermatologist or oncologist.Larinageal papillomatosis requires an appeal to an ot-rhino-laryngologist or a surgeon, a blessed papulosis-you must contact a urologist or a venereologist.Differential diagnosis is also necessary with diseases such as micropapillomatosis, vestibular papillomatosis - unlike HPV, does not require treatment, because with the similarity of external signs, they are a variant of the anatomical standard.The deciphering of the normative values of the blood test will be shown by the absence of HPV.

Treatment

So, is it completely treated by HPV or not?Today, no antiviral medication is known which can eliminate HPV from the body.Different interfeons and other drugs in this series - only reduce existing condylomas, but do not reduce the frequency of news.The main method of treatment is the elimination of papillomas.The main elimination methods are as follows:

• surgical.It is carried out under local anesthesia;
• Surgical radio.A tumor is cut with a radio wave electrode, the vessels are coagulated.After an antiseptic bandage;
• laser.This method is contactless and bloodless.A crust remains instead of elimination, below, healing occurs.The drawback of the method is the high risk of relapse of the disease, a relatively high price and the need to grind the remaining scars;
• Electrocoagulation.Depending on the results and efficiency, it is similar to the two previous ways;
• Cryocoagulation.The complete elimination of papillomas occurs after several sessions.

Although with the help of these methods, the external manifestations of the virus are completely deleted, this is not considered an absolute elimination of the infection, but only relative, because a person does not cease to be a virus carrier, and after a certain period of the wart can reproduce.There is no universal method of ineffective treatment for all categories of patients (men, women and children).Only the removal of the laser can be considered an alternative.But when you apply it, there is a risk of malignancy (malignancy) papillomas.After the operation, the patient is prescribed by the infusion of a dose of steroid medication, which prevents swelling, and antibiotics are also prescribed to avoid infection of the wound.During therapy, HPV should stop sex completely to a complete healing, as well as carry out an examination and, if necessary, a treatment, a partner.

Home treatment and folk remedies

In addition to traditional treatment methods, I use others that are officially recognized as medicines and which can be done at home:

• Treatment of warts with salicylic acid.Each day, warts must be treated with an acid solution (15-20%).This method has a drawback - the treatment should be carried out for quite a long time;
• Cream treatment.They are lubricated with warts three times a week.But when used, it is possible to feel itching, erosion, redness of the skin is possible;
• Retinoids in the form of cream.They treat warts for - 12 weeks.Its use is also prohibited during pregnancy;
• Injection in the center of the infection once every 7 days, in three to four weeks. Use is prohibited during pregnancy;
• Cauterize warts, papillomas and destroy pathogenic microbes.The wart must be treated constantly in an hour.Then, a one -week break is carried out and the treatment is carried out.If the papillom does not disappear, after 14 days, another treatment is carried out, and therefore no more than 4 procedures.It is prohibited to use in senile warts and pediatrics;

If we are talking about treatment with purely folk remedies, the use of celandin has gained popularity.His juice is treated with a wart several times a day.When it darkens, dark skin is removed and continued to spread more until the wart is completely removed.

Disease prevention

The main preventive measures are taken into account:

• Compliance with personal hygiene in public places;
• Compliance with a healthy lifestyle, maintaining immunity;
• A permanent sexual partner, in sexual intercourse with an unconcetic partner - use a condom;
• Sufficient vitamin intake;
• To lead sex life at the beginning of 18 years, when the cervical mucosa is already mature and can protect itself;
• Avoid artificial interruption of pregnancy and raw sexual relations;
• Over time, treat inflammatory diseases.

During vaccination, certain side effects in the form of deterioration, fever, redness of the skin instead of introducing the vaccine can sometimes be observed.